FSCalc is a scientific, engineering, and financial calculator. The calculator includes functions for statistics, metric conversions and physical properties and constants.
Note: When using FSCalc, the PAC Mate
speaks and displays results one line at a time. For example, when you press
ENTER (DOT 8) to calculate a mathematical operation, your PAC
Mate speaks and displays the result. FSCalc clears the previous value that appeared
on the line and replaces it with the new result.
To review the history of how you derived the result, use the UP ARROW
key to scroll backwards to previous lines, and use the DOWN ARROW
key to scroll forward and return to the current line. If you are using a refreshable
braille display, you can pan left and right within a line using the display’s
Whiz Wheels®. However, you cannot use the Whiz Wheels to pan from one line
to another or for Sentence mode or Paragraph mode.
You can choose to enter an equation or expression using the menu (ALT) or by typing it with the keyboard. Anytime you solve an equation or expression, you must follow conventional math rules such as the order of operations.
Variables can be any combination of letters (a-z) and digits (0-9). Standard operations are entered in the form a+b, with no spaces. For example, x=7, y=9, x+y, f+10.
Operators modify the value stored in a variable.
Expressions are any combinations of numbers, variables, operators and functions.
Functions consist of a name followed by a comma-separated list of arguments enclosed in parentheses. If you choose to type the function instead of selecting it from the menus, be sure that you type it without spaces.
Once you have entered the equation or expression, press ENTER for the result.
If you select a function from the Functions Menu, anything selected on the current line is treated as an argument, i.e., placed in parentheses.
When you press ENTER to calculate an operation, PAC Mate speaks and selects the result. If you type a new number or entry, it replaces the result with the new entry. If you type an operator, the result become part of the new operation and the insertion point is placed at the end of the operation, ready for you to finish your calculation.
Once you have entered a calculation(s) you can sequentially review the steps taken or the equations entered by pressing the UP ARROW to move backward or DOWN ARROW to move forward.
At anytime, while working through a calculation, you can save your work as a .txt file. Press CTRL+S or ALT+S, S to save the file in the current folder with the current name in the current location or open the File Menu and select Save As. Type a new file name, use the TAB command to move to the Folder combo box, and press the down arrow to select a folder. Press TAB again to move to the Location combo box and press the down arrow to select a location.
To reopen the saved file, press CTRL+O.
With FSCalc you can clear three items in the calculator: clear current line (ALT+S, C or ALT+0), clear the history (ALT+S, H), or clear the variables (ALT+S, V). You can find these three items in the Edit Menu as well.
Algebra Question: Simplify the following expression 2+(3-1)*3^2.
Arithmetic Question: You are shopping for a new desktop computer and have found one for $875.00. The computer store salesman tells you that the special going on is 35% off all computers storewide. How much is the computer you picked out?
FSCalc supports up to 32 non-volatile, or permanent, memory locations and 200 volatile, or erasable, memory locations.
The following applies to FSCalc's non-volatile memory:
The following applies to FSCalc's volatile memory locations.
Conversion Question: The winter of 2002-2003 is reputed to be one of the coldest winters on record. To substantiate this your friends from Syracuse, New York call to tell you that the temperature outside is -25 degrees Celsius and the wind is blowing at 10 miles per hour. What is the temperature in Fahrenheit and the wind chill factor?
Statistical Question: Find the average, standard deviation and sum from the following data. Data Set (6,8,9,10,2)
Financial Question: Your financial advisor is recommending that you invest $5000.00 in a particular fund for 10 years. He says that the annual rate of return is 7.18%. In order to make an informed decision, you need to find out how much your money would be worth in 10 years.
To solve this problem you need to have some knowledge of the relationship between the rate of interest (r), time (t), the present value (pv) and the future value (fv) of the dollar. The relationship is as follows:
fv=pv*(1+r/n)^nt
pv = 5000 r = 0.0718 n = 1 t = 10 years fv = ?
To help with the concept, open Notes and take the variables above and plug them into the formula: fv = 5000*(1+.0718/1)^(1)(10). You can solve this problem using the order of operations or you can use the financial functions in FSCalc.
Using the order of operations:
Using FSCalc:
Note: When using the financial functions of FSCalc, you must
list your known variables in the following order: fv(r,n,t,pv), pv(r,n,t,fv),
pmt(r,n,t,pv), loan(r,n,t,pmt), install(r,n,t,pv)and rate(n,pv,fv).
Where:
pv = the present value or initial value
fv = the future value
r = the annual interest rate
t = time
n = number of compound periods in a year
Financial Question: You are interested in buying a home. You want to know what your monthly payment will be if you take a 15 year bank note for $120,000 at rate of 4.75% compounded monthly.
Using Notes, list out your known variables.
pmt = ? r = .0475 n = 12 t = 15 pv = 120,000
Financial Question: You are concerned about your retirement. You want to know how much you have to invest today in order to accumulate $1 million dollars by the time you are ready to retire. You have found an annuity that is paying 10% return compounded monthly. You figure that you will retire in about 35 years.
Using Notes, list out your known variables.
fv = $1 million r = 0.10 n = 12 t = 35 years pv = ?
In the above question, how much money do you have to deposit each month if the annuity is compounded bi monthly?
In Notes reevaluate your variables. The rate is reconfigured because it is compounded bimonthly. If the rate is compounded quarterly you would use 4.
fv = $1 million pv = $30,637.25 r = .10 n = 24 t = 35
Financial Question: You need to take out a 5 year loan for some small home improvements. According to your budget you can afford to spend $50.00 monthly to pay back the loan. Bank rates on a 5 year loan are 6% compounded monthly. Given these parameters how much money can you borrow?
Using Notes, list out your known variables.
loan = ? r = .06 n = 12 t = 5 pmt = 50
Financial Question: You receive quarterly statements from your mutual fund company on your IRA. As you watch your fund's performance you wonder what the rate of return is on your IRA. Your initial investment two years ago was $2000.00 and your most recent statement shows a balance of $3829.52. The IRA is compounded daily.
Using Notes, list out your known variables.
rate = ? pv = $2000.00 fv = $3829.52 n = 365
The following tables describe the following FSCalc functions:
Name |
Symbol |
---|---|
Plus |
+ |
Minus |
- |
Times |
* |
Divided by |
/ |
Percent |
% |
Assignment |
= |
Function | Menu Function | Description |
---|---|---|
setNoPrecis() | No Fixed Precision | Sets the display to decimal, but with no required fixed decimal length. For example, the integer 3 appears as 3. The square root of 3 appears as 1.732051. |
decfract() | Decimal/Fraction | Toggles between Decimal and Fraction mode. Hot key = CTRL+SHIFT+F. |
decSciNot() | Decimal/SciNotation | Toggles between Decimal and Scientific Notation mode. |
setPrecis(n)
where n is the number of decimal places |
SetPrecision | Sets the fixed decimal precision. All numbers show up with a decimal portion. For example, if precision is set to 5, the integer 3 appears as 3.00000. The square root of 3 appears as 1.73205. |
Function | Menu Function | Description |
---|---|---|
clrAllMem() | ClearAllMem | Clears all previously defined memory locations including the permanent memory locations. Hot key = CTRL+SHIFT+A. |
clrPermMem() | ClearPermMem | Clears only the permanent memory locations (memory locations 00 to 31 - m00 to m31). Hot key = CTRL+SHIFT+P. |
clrVolatMem() | ClearVolatMem | Clears only the volatile memory locations. Hot key = CTRL+SHIFT+V. |
dumpCalcMem() | DumpCalcMem | When selected, this option creates a text file containing a snapshot of all the non-zero permanent memory locations and all the volatile memory locations. Hot key = CTRL+SHIFT+D. |
Function | Menu Function | Description |
---|---|---|
acos() | ArcCosine | Arccosine |
asin() | ArcSine | Arcsine |
atan() | ArcTangent | Arctangent |
atan2() | Atan2 | Arctangent of x/y |
cos() | Cosine | Cosine |
cot() | Cotangent | Cotangent |
deg2rad() | Degrees to Radians | Degrees to radians |
rad2deg() | Radians Degrees | Radians to degrees |
raddeg() | Toggle Rad/Degrees | Toggle radians to degrees. Hot key = CTRL+SHIFT+R. |
sin() | Sine | Sine |
tan() | Tangent | Tangent |
Function | Menu Functions | Description |
---|---|---|
cosh() | HyperbolicCosine | Hyperbolic cosine |
sinh() | HyperbolicSine | Hyperbolic sine |
tanh() | HyperbolicTangent | Hyperbolic tangent |
Function | Menu Function | Description |
---|---|---|
fabs() | Abs | Absolute value |
avg() | Avg | Finds the average of a list of numbers |
div() | Div | Whole number division. For example, div(3,4)=0; div(5,4)=1 |
exp() | Exp | Exponential. This is the anti-logarithm in base e of a number. For example, Exp(x) computes e (the base of natural logarithm) raised to the x-th power. |
fact() | Factorial | The product of consecutive numbers. For example, fact(5)=5*4*3*2*1 |
fmod() | Fmod | Floating point modulus operations. For example, fmod(13,2)=1; fmod(13.6,2)=1.6 |
log() | NaturalLog | Logarithm base e |
log10() | Log10 | Base 10 log |
pwr() | Pwr | Power. Argument 1 to the power of argument 2 |
myRand() | Random | Random. Generates a number between 0 and 1. |
recip() | Recip | Reciprocal. Computes the reciprocal of the number entered. For example, recip(2)=1/2 or 0.5 |
root() | Root | Computes the second arguments root of argument 1. For example, root(8,3)=2 |
round() | Round | Rounding off to the nearest whole number. For example, round(1.732501)=2; round(1.49999)=1 |
sqrt() | Sqrt | Square root. Computes the square root. For example, sqrt(16)=4 |
trunc() | Trunc | Truncate. Rounds down to the next integer. For example, trunc(1.732501)=1; trunc(1.49999)=1 |
Function | Menu Function | Description |
---|---|---|
avg() | Avg | Average of any number of arguments |
max() | Max | Maximum of any number of arguments |
median() | Median | Median of any number of arguments |
min() | Min | Minimum of any number of arguments |
stdev() | Std Deviation | Standard deviation of any number of arguments |
sum() | Sum | Sum of any number of arguments |
Function | Menu Function | Description |
---|---|---|
d2h() | Dec to Hex | Decimal to hexadecimal |
d2o() | Dec to Oct | Decimal to octal |
d2b() | Dec to Bin | Decimal to binary |
h2d() | Hex to Dec | Hexadecimal to decimal |
o2d() | Oct to Dec | Octal to decimal |
b2d() | Bin to Dec | Binary to decimal |
Function | Menu Function | Description |
---|---|---|
cel2fahr() | Cels to Fahr | Celsius to fahrenheit conversion |
fahr2cel() | Fahr to Cels | Fahrenheit to celsius conversion |
cm2in() | Cms to Inches | Centimeters to inches |
in2cm() | Inches to Cms | Inches to centimeters |
m2ft() | Meter to Feet | Meter to feet |
ft2m() | Feet to Meter | Feet to meter |
m2yd() | Meters to Yards | Meters to yards |
yd2m() | Yards to Meters | Yards to meters |
km2miles() | Kms to Miles | Kilometers to miles |
miles2km() | Mile to Kms | Miles to kilometers |
gal2lt() | Gal to Ltr | Gallons to liters |
lt2gal() | Ltr to Gal | Liters to gallons |
lb2kg() | Lbs to Kgm | Pounds to kilograms |
kg2lb() | Kgm to Lbs | Kilograms to pounds |
oz2gm() | Ounce to Gram | Ounces to grams |
gm2oz() | Gram to Ounce | Grams to ounces |
wc() | Wind Chill | Wind chill (temperature in fahrenheit, wind speed) |
Function | Menu Function | Description |
---|---|---|
pv() | Present Value | Present value of dollar |
fv() | Future Value | Future value of dollar |
pmt() | Payment | Payment |
loan() | Loan | Loan |
install() | Installment | Installment |
rate() | Rate | Interest rate compounded |